What does "gladius" refer to in the context of Latin phrases regarding weapons?

In the context of Latin phrases concerning weapons, "gladius" specifically refers to a sword. Historically, it was a well-known type of sword used by Roman soldiers, particularly the legions. The "gladius" was characterized by its short, double-edged blade and was primarily a thrusting weapon, making it effective in close combat situations. This term has impacted modern terminology and is often associated with the iconic imagery of Roman warfare.

The other terms do not fit the definition of "gladius"; for instance, the bow is a ranged weapon, the spear is a pole weapon used for thrusting or throwing, and the shield is a defensive tool. Therefore, understanding "gladius" as a sword solidifies its place in the study of Roman military equipment and terminology.